Social media are now an integral part of everyday life. They accompany us in every sphere – from entertainment to education to work. In this article, we look at both the benefits of a social networking presence – such as relationship building, promotion and marketing – and the risks they pose to users’ privacy, mental health and security. We also outline proven ways to protect yourself from the negative consequences of using these platforms.
Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn have dramatically changed the way we establish and maintain relationships. They have made communication instantaneous and almost geographically unlimited. While there is a lot of concern growing around social media, there is no denying the benefits they offer – both in personal and professional life.
Social media as a tool - it's up to us how we use it
Social media in itself is neither good nor bad. They are a tool that, like a book, a phone or the Internet, can be used to both build and destroy. The key is how we use them, with what intention and awareness. It is the user who decides whether social media will be a space for dialogue, relationships and support, or rather superficiality, conflict and misunderstanding.
While we often demonize the impact of social media on young people, it is also worth looking at it through the lens of its potential: fostering connections, developing interests, self-presentation, cross-cultural contact and creativity. It is how we use it – not the medium itself – that determines its impact on our relationships.
a) Social media is a space for contact and relationship building
Social media allow instant contact with another person – regardless of distance. For many young people, they are the only way to maintain close relationships with friends, especially when kilometers, language differences or time barriers separate them.
– They allow one to keep in touch with family and friends, especially if one lives abroad.
– They make it easier to share emotions – a photo, a song, a status, a comment.
– They provide a chance to make new friends, such as through thematic groups, social networks or shared interests.
b) Social media as a tool for self-expression
For many young people, social media is a space for personal expression. It is where they express their views, passions, style of dress, creativity or sense of humor.
– One can maintain one’s own blog, YouTube channel, account with drawings, music or poems.
– In this way, young people learn content creation, storytelling, photography, editing or self-presentation.
– It’s also a form of participating in public debate – many people speak out on socially important issues.
c) Our attitude determines whether social media will serve relationships
Much depends on our awareness and responsibility. It’s up to us to choose what we share, how we comment, who we pay attention to and whether we are present for others. Social media can be a space for real support and dialogue if we learn to use it carefully.
– It is up to us to decide what content we create and who we share it with.
– It is up to us whether we engage in discussions that edify or those that hurt.
– We have a say in whether we react to violence and hejt or remain indifferent.
d) Using social media requires reflection – why and how do we use it?
Sometimes it’s worth stopping and asking: Why do I look on my phone so often? What am I looking for there? Are the relationships I create there genuine and valuable?
– Awareness of one’s own emotional needs helps to avoid dependence on the reactions of others (such as the number of likes).
– Reflecting on what relationships we nurture online allows us to better manage our time online.
– This makes it easier to recognize whether social media is helping our relationships or rather disrupting them.
Proximity or distance? Online relationships are sometimes apparent and superficial
In the age of digital communication, we are increasingly asking ourselves: is social media really bringing us closer together, or is it driving us further apart? Although social media gives us the opportunity to interact 24/7, this is often accompanied by a feeling of loneliness in a crowd of likes, and the relationships made or maintained online can be shallow, fragile and apparent. In this respect, social media is somewhat like a facade – something that looks like a solid structure from the outside, but can be hollow on the inside. Let’s take a closer look.
a) Ease of contact does not always equal quality of relationship
One of the biggest advantages of social media is the ease of making contact. We can write to someone in seconds, no matter where that person is. On the one hand, this is a tremendous opportunity – we get in touch with people we wouldn’t have a chance to talk to in real life. But on the other hand, this ease can make relationships lose their depth.
Exchanging quick messages, hearts, reactions and comments is no substitute for a deep conversation or shared experience in real life. Sometimes “chatting” can become an illusion of closeness – we have the impression that we are in contact with others, but in fact we are communicating very superficially, without emotional presence.
b) Number of friends or real support?
On social media, it is easy to accumulate hundreds or even thousands of “friends” or observers. But does that mean we have more friends? Not always. The quality of relationships is not measured by the number of followers, but by a sense of security, understanding and mutual support.
Often we find that despite high online activity, young people feel lonely, unnoticed or misunderstood. Why? Because real relationships require more than just being in touch – they require time, trust and genuine commitment. In a world of “fast communication,” it’s easy to forget that relationships don’t grow like a counter of likes – they need nurturing.
c) The pressure of the “perfect life” versus the authenticity of relationships
Social media has become a place for self-presentation – we show a “better version of ourselves” there. There’s nothing wrong with that, as long as we remember that it’s only a fragment of reality. Unfortunately, many people compare themselves with what they see online, forgetting that social media is a slice of life subjected to filtration – literally and figuratively.
Comparing ourselves to others makes us feel inferior, less attractive, less popular. This pressure also affects relationships – we are afraid to show how we really are, with our weaknesses, emotions and problems. We build an image, not a relationship. Instead of authentic contact, there is a game of appearances that separates us from each other.
d) Difficulties in expressing emotions online
Online communication has its limitations – most notably the lack of body language, tone of voice and facial expressions, which are key to understanding intentions and emotions. Often there are misunderstandings that would not occur in real life. Something that was meant as a joke may be perceived as malice. In turn, an attempt to show support can seem cold if the right words are missing.
Young people admit that it is easier to write than to say, but at the same time it is more difficult to convey emotions in an authentic way. It’s a paradox: social media communication is fast, but often inaccurate, emotionally poor and leading to misinterpretations.
e) Loneliness despite constant online presence
Many young people today talk about “loneliness in the crowd” – the feeling of being left out, despite being online almost all the time. We are often among people – digitally – but no one really listens to us, or is interested in how we feel. Chat is no substitute for eye contact, touch, shared laughter or simple silence in someone’s company.
This lack of deep, secure relationships can lead to emotional isolation. Social media, which was supposed to bring us closer together, is starting to do the opposite – making us feel even more separated, unheard, invisible.
Cyberbullying and hate speech - real threats to online relationships
Social media offers tremendous opportunities for relationship building, communication and self-expression. Unfortunately, like any tool, they can also be used in destructive ways. One of the biggest threats in the digital space are the phenomena of cyberbullying and hate speech – forms of aggression that have very real consequences for the mental and relational health of young people. It often starts innocently enough: a “stupid comment,” an offensive meme, a reposted photo. But the consequences can be painful and long-lasting.
a) What is cyberbullying and why does it hurt as much as “live” violence?
Cyberbullying is psychological violence carried out using digital technologies – most often in social media, instant messaging, online games and forums. Contrary to popular belief, cyberbullying is not less painful than “live” violence. On the contrary, its effects can be long-lasting, as online content is difficult to remove, and perpetrators often remain anonymous.
Forms of cyberbullying:
– Mocking and insulting in comments or private messages
– Public shaming (e.g., publishing compromising photos or videos)
– Impersonating someone to ridicule them
– Exclusion from online groups, communities or chat rooms
– Emotional blackmail or threats
– Spreading rumors and false information
b) Heyt as a form of normalizing aggression – when words hurt
Heyt is aggressive, hateful comments and posts that aim to humiliate, exclude or hurt another person. Although hejt is often explained as “freedom of speech,” in reality it has nothing to do with constructive criticism. Its purpose is to humiliate, not dialogue.
The hate can be about appearance, background, orientation, views, lifestyle and even interests. What’s worse – it is often downplayed by adults as a “silly joke” or a “childish argument.” Meanwhile, for young people, words on the Internet can be as harsh as physical abuse.
c) Heyt destroys not only the individual – it destroys trust and social ties
Heyt doesn’t just affect the victim – it also affects relationships throughout the community. When a heist occurs, other users become fearful: they withdraw from activity, limit their online presence, stop sharing opinions or images. As a result, openness, honesty and empathy – values essential for building relationships – disappear.
What’s more, if a community (a class, a project group, a group on Messenger) doesn’t respond to heckling, it signals that such behavior is “acceptable” – and that destroys trust and a sense of security. No one wants to speak up in a place where any comment can be ridiculed.
d) When you stop reacting – you become part of the problem
One of the most difficult aspects of cyberbullying is the silence of witnesses. Surveys show that most young people have seen the heist or online violence, but few have reacted. Why? They are afraid of being attacked themselves. They don’t know how to help. They don’t want to “get involved.”
Meanwhile, not reacting is tacit approval. When we don’t react to hejt, we allow it to spread like a virus. Meanwhile, all it takes is:
– Report an aggressive comment or account
– Send a message to the victim expressing support
– Stand up for yourself in a comment
– Talk to an adult (teacher, educator, psychologist)
Every reaction matters. Sometimes all it takes is for someone to see, “You are not alone. Someone sees you. Someone believes you.”
e) What can young people do to counter online violence?
Despite appearances, young people have a huge impact on what the atmosphere is like online. It is the young who create content, comment, and react. It is up to them to make social media a place of violence or support. Here are some specific actions:
1. don’t like hate-even humorous hate. Every like is a signal: “it’s OK”.
2. Report violence – most portals have reporting tools.
3. Create a positive space – support, comment with empathy, talk respectfully.
4. React as a witness – write to the person being hexed, ask how he feels.
5. peer education – you can initiate a campaign against online violence in the classroom or school.
Remember: hejt stops working when it is no longer accepted.
f) Where to seek help when you are a victim?
If you are experiencing online violence – you are not alone and have the right to protection. There are organizations and individuals who can help.
Important steps:
– Take screenshots – it’s proof.
– Block the perpetrator – you don’t have to keep in touch.
– Talk to an adult you trust – a parent, educator, pedagogue.
– Report the problem to support institutions, such as:
– Saferinternet.pl
– Helpline.org.pl
– Helpline for children and adolescents: 116 111
Building relationships through social media - an opportunity for proximity and support
While social media has many dangers – such as hejt, addiction and superficiality of contacts – it can also foster genuine, supportive relationships. The key is conscious, empathetic use of these tools. Online, you can make new friends, keep in touch with loved ones, share emotions, and even get support during difficult times. You just need to know how to communicate responsibly and with heart.
a) Empathy online – respond, listen, support
Empathy is the ability to understand and empathize with others – and despite appearances, it can also be expressed online. A supportive comment, a sincere “How are you feeling?” question, a message sent to someone who looks depressed – all of this builds trust and connection.
Being empathetic online means:
– avoiding judging and criticizing
– responding with kindness to others’ emotions
– offering help when someone needs it
Sometimes one message can make a huge difference: it can signal “you are important,” “I see you,” “you are not alone.”
b) Keeping in touch at a distance
Social media is great for maintaining long-distance relationships – with family, friends from another city or country, as well as with newly met people, for example, on exchanges, camps or international projects. Thanks to apps such as Messenger, WhatsApp, Zoom or Instagram Stories, we can be “close” despite the physical distance.
Young people from Poland and Greece participating in partner projects emphasize that social media:
– enable daily communication
– help maintain the relationship after joint projects
– give a chance to deepen friendships
It is worth remembering, however, that regular contact is not just a “reaction to a photo,” but a conversation, a question, an interest in the other person’s daily life.
c) Shared passions and thematic groups
Social media allows to connect people with similar interests – from literature to computer games to social activities. Groups on Facebook, Discord, channels on Instagram or TikTok can be a place for exchanging ideas, inspiration and mutual motivation. Such spaces often become a source of friendships – even lifelong ones.
A well-managed online community is based on:
– respect for differing views
– sharing of knowledge and support
– joint action (e.g., volunteering, educational projects)
Cultural differences and online communication - opportunity or challenge?
In an era of globalization and widespread Internet access, young people are increasingly communicating with people from other countries and cultures – both privately and through international projects such as eTwinning or Erasmus+. Such diversity is a great value, but also a challenge, especially in online communication. How to speak in such a way as to be well understood? How not to offend someone unintentionally? How to react when someone behaves “differently”? In this sub-section we will look at the impact of cultural differences on online relationships.
a) Different norms – different meanings
Every culture has its own ways of expressing emotions, opinions and even humor. What is normal for some may be rude or incomprehensible to others. In online communication, these differences can easily lead to misunderstandings, because non-verbal contact (gestures, tone of voice, facial expressions) is missing.
Examples of differences:
– In Greece, directness is natural – Poles may perceive it as too assertive.
– Polish students are more likely to use emoticons to soften statements – to some Greeks they may seem frivolous.
– A linguistic joke or irony in one culture may be perceived as offensive in another.
b) Stereotypes and prejudices – obstacles to building trust
The media (including social media) perpetuate many cultural stereotypes that can influence first impressions of someone from another country. These can include the belief that “Greeks are lazy,” “Poles are cold,” “East is backwardness,” “South is slackness and lack of discipline.”
If we are not aware of these patterns, we can carry them into online relationships before we even have time to get to know someone. This blocks empathy and openness. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of our own biases and be ready to overcome them.
c) Culture of respect – the basis is curiosity, not judgment
To ensure that cultural differences do not divide but enrich relationships, we need an attitude of respect and curiosity. Instead of judging – it is worth asking: “And what does it look like at your place?”, ‘Why is it spoken like this at your place?’. Intercultural communication is not a test of who is right – it is a common way of getting to know each other.
Practical rules:
– Listen before you judge
– Translate if something may be culturally unclear
– Share your culture without imposing it on others
– Don’t be afraid to ask questions – they show interest, not ignorance
The role of language in online relationships - how to get along without conflict?
In online communication, language is of great importance – it is the main tool for building relationships, expressing emotions and resolving conflicts. In social media, where we can’t see the other person or hear their voice, every word has extra weight. Therefore, the ability to use language with empathy and consideration becomes crucial – especially in cross-cultural and peer-to-peer interactions. This post is devoted to just that: how to speak (and write) in such a way as to connect rather than hurt.
a) Words have power – language can hurt or support
On the Internet it is easy to misunderstand – we can’t see the interlocutor’s face, we can’t hear his tone of voice, we don’t make eye contact. Therefore, how we write something often determines how it will be received.
Example: a short message “Seriously?” can sound like interest, but also like derision – it all depends on the context and intention.
To avoid hurting others:
– Use complete sentences and a clear tone
– Avoid sarcasm and irony in uncertain situations
– Instead of criticizing – offer solutions (“Maybe let’s try it differently?”)
– Express emotions, but don’t accuse (“I didn’t understand, can you explain?” instead of “You’re doing it wrong!”)
b) Emoticons and punctuation – helpful or confusing?
In social media, we often use emoticons , abbreviations (e.g. “lol”, “xd”) and unusual punctuation (!!!, ???) to convey emotions. This can help build relationships, but can also lead to misinterpretations.
– A smile “:)” can soften the tone of the message
– Too many exclamation marks “!!!” can be perceived as shouting or resentment
– Emoticons are not always understood in another cultural circle (e.g., may be interpreted as malice)
It is important to choose forms of expression according to the person and situation – not everyone likes a humorous tone, not everyone is familiar with youth slang.
c) Communication in a foreign language – mistakes and what they mean
In international contacts, we often communicate in English, which is not always the native language for both parties. This can lead to:
– misunderstandings (e.g., literal translations)
– feelings of embarrassment or insecurity on the part of one party
– difficulties in expressing emotions
To promote good communication:
– Be patient – don’t judge language errors
– Don’t correct maliciously – instead, try to gently ask what someone meant
– Use simple, understandable wording
– Encourage speech – “You said it coolly!”, “I see what you meant.”
Remember – it’s the content and intent that counts, not perfect grammar.
Strengthening positive relationships online - how to create a good atmosphere online?
While there is a lot of talk about the dangers of social media – such as hate speech, addiction and superficial friendships – the Internet also offers great opportunities to create positive, supportive communities. The key, however, is our attitude and responsibility. How we communicate, what we post and how we respond to others has a real impact on the online atmosphere. In this subsection, we will look at how each of us can contribute to building a good online climate – not only in personal interactions, but also in groups, forums or international projects.
a) Positive communication – good words have power.
Online, we often forget that there is a human being sitting on the other side of the screen. The word “great”, “you did it well”, “keep it up” – even written – can strengthen and improve someone’s day. The culture of positive communication is not to pretend that everything is perfect, but to consciously choose such words that do not hurt, but support.
How to build positive communication?
– praise specific things, e.g., “I liked how you put it” instead of “great.”
– pose questions that show interest (“What inspired you to do this?”)
– avoid irony, malice and derision
– don’t get turned on by negative comments – sometimes it’s better to be silent than to inflame
b) Create safe and supportive online groups
Many relationships develop in groups on Messenger, Discord, WhatsApp or Facebook. These can be class groups, project groups, passion groups. How we moderate them and the rules under which they function determine their quality.
Best practices for groups:
– clear rules: e.g. no ridicule, respect for everyone, non-violent language
– moderation: a person who reacts to rule violations and takes care of the atmosphere
– openness to newcomers – each person should feel welcome
– sharing of successes and support – e.g., “Super that you made it!”, “Good luck on the test!”.
A supportive group is one that you want to come back to, because it provides a sense of security and understanding.
c) Good examples – inspire others with your attitude
On social media, we often focus on the negative – yet positive attitudes are also “contagious.” Each of us can be an inspiration to others by showing that it is possible to be kind, supportive and sincere online.
How to inspire positivity?
– publish content that carries value and a good message
– respond respectfully even in discussions
– promote empathy, diversity and cooperation
– support social and educational campaigns that address relationships and communication
The role of adults in adolescents' online relationships - obstacle or support?
Many young people treat the Internet as “their space” – free from control, grades and rules set by adults. On the other hand, parents and teachers are increasingly trying to interfere in students’ digital lives, worrying about their safety, relationships and mental health. This can lead to tensions and misunderstandings. But are adults always “the ones who interfere”? Or – with the right approach – can they be a real support in building good relationships online?
a) Teens want independence, but need understanding
For many teenagers, social media is not only a form of entertainment, but also a way to express themselves, meet others and maintain friendships. Adults’ entry into this space often provokes resistance – because youngsters fear judgments, bans and misunderstanding.
But it’s clear from talking to students: they want conversation, not control. They need adults who:
– don’t ridicule their online friendships
– don’t demonize social media
– ask what interests them online, instead of saying that “things used to be better”
A wise adult is one who listens before giving advice.
b) When is adult intervention necessary?
There are situations in which an adult response is not only justified, but also necessary – for example, when cyberbullying, social isolation, internet addiction or a drastic deterioration in a young person’s well-being occurs.
In such cases, it is important to:
• respond empathetically, not punitively (“I’m here to help”, not “I told you so!”)
• do not trivialize the problem – online conflicts can have real emotional consequences
• act with the young person, not against them
Adult help should be based on trust and relationship, not fear and prohibitions.
How to build healthy boundaries in online relationships?
In the world of social media, the boundaries between private and public life are becoming increasingly blurred. We often share emotions, photos, stories or opinions in an immediate way, without thinking about who will receive it and how. In online contacts, it is easy to lose a sense of privacy and control – both in relation to yourself and others. Therefore, the ability to set and respect boundaries on the Internet is becoming one of the key digital skills.
a) What does it mean to have “healthy boundaries” online?
Boundaries in online relationships are rules that protect our well-being, privacy, and autonomy. They can include:
• what we share and with whom (photos, location, emotions, views)
• how long and at what times we are available online (e.g. evening chats)
• what behaviors of others towards us are acceptable and what are not (e.g. unwanted messages, pressure to reply immediately)
Everyone has the right to define their own boundaries. Healthy relationships – also online – start with mutual respect for these boundaries.
b) How to communicate your boundaries clearly and calmly?
Many online conflicts arise from a lack of communication or ambiguity. That is why it is so important to learn to speak openly about your needs – without aggression, but firmly.
Examples:
• “I don’t like it when someone posts a picture of me without asking – please ask next time.”
• “I don’t want to talk about it now – we’ll come back to it later.”
• “Please don’t send me messages at night – I need to rest.”
Such an attitude strengthens self-esteem, while at the same time giving others a clear signal on how to communicate with us.
c) Respect others’ boundaries – it builds trust
Just as we want our boundaries to be respected, we must respect others’ boundaries – even if they are different from ours. If someone:
• doesn’t want to be tagged in photos
• doesn’t reply to messages right away
• doesn’t share their private life online
– it doesn’t mean they ignore us or don’t respect us, but that they protect their space.
Respecting others’ boundaries is the foundation of mature, partnership-based relationships – including online.
Social media as a tool media are not inherently good or bad – their impact depends on how they are used. They enable long-distance contact, express passions and build bonds, but require reflection on intentions and responsibility. Examples show how young people use them to maintain friendships or develop creativity, but also how a lack of awareness can lead to addiction or comparing oneself to others. Closeness or distance? Online relationships are often superficial – ease of contact does not guarantee depth. The pressure of a “perfect life”, difficulties in expressing emotions and a lack of body language can lead to misunderstandings, loneliness and a lack of authenticity. The text emphasizes that the number of followers does not equal real support, and constant online presence can mask emotional isolation. Cyberbullying and hateCyberbullying, including insults, exclusion or emotional blackmail, is a serious threat online. Hate destroys not only individuals, but also trust in online communities. The lack of reaction from witnesses reinforces the problem, which is why actions such as reporting violence, supporting victims and peer education are crucial. Organizations like Safer Internet offer help. Building relationships onlineSocial media can foster closeness when used with empathy. Supportive comments, regular remote contact and thematic groups based on passions help to create valuable bonds. Active listening and showing interest in the other person are key. Cultural differencesOnline communication with people from other cultures (e.g. in international projects) is a chance to enrich relationships, but it requires caution. Differences in norms, stereotypes or linguistic misunderstandings can lead to conflicts. The key is curiosity, respect and avoiding judgment. The role of languageLanguage on the web has enormous power – it can hurt or build. The lack of body language makes words especially important, and irony or sarcasm can be misunderstood. Emoticons and punctuation help, but are not always enough. The text recommends expressing emotions clearly, avoiding accusations and proposing solutions to conflicts. Conclusions:Social media is a powerful tool that can both bring people closer together or drive them apart, depending on how we use it. For online relationships to be valuable, digital education, empathy and respect are needed – both in peer and intercultural contacts. The key question is: what can we do to ensure that our online activities build healthy and supportive bonds? The answer is reflection, responsibility and openness to others, regardless of the medium of communication.
